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stavrizatz
Mukhtar/is
Joined: 20 Feb 2006
Posts: 910
Location: Australia / Lefkosia
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UNITED NATION COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
SUB-COMMISSION ON THE PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
WORKING GROUP ON MINORITIES
TWELFTH SESSIONON, GENEVA 8-11 AUGUST 2006
Agenda Item 3a
MUSLIM TURKISH MINORITY OF WESTERN THRACE – GREECE
Thank you Mr. Chairman,
My name is Tzemil Kapza; I am representing Western Thrace Minority University Graduates Association in Greece.
INTRODUCTION
With the expansion of the Ottoman Empire during the twelfth century in the Balkans, Turks settled in Western Thrace, in the North East part of Greece and today the estimated population of ethnic Turks living in this area is around 150.000. Members of the Muslim Turkish Minority identify themselves as ethnic Turks.
Although Greece has been a member of the European Union for 25 years, has signed and ratified most of the international instruments protecting basic human rights, unfortunately continues to ignore its obligations regarding the recognition and the protection of the rights of the Muslim Turkish Minority of Western Thrace as well as the rights of other existing ethnic minorities in Greece, such as the Macedonian minority.
Our 24-year-old association has been participating to the UN Working Group on Minorities since 1998. The Greek delegation by using the right to reply has been showing the good will; however, it is embarrassing to receive insults such as “so-called NGO”. By appraising our statements, as “allegations” is only misleading the truth.
In recent years, the situation has relatively improved in Turkish Minority’s living conditions and constitutional rights under the current policy of “equality before the law and equal citizenship” Yet there has not been any progress in the field of established minority rights.
DENIAL OF ETNIC IDENTITY
The major violation is the violation of the right of the minority to identify itself as Turkish. In the first half and earlier second half of the 20th century, Greek authorities made it obligatory for the minority to be named as “Turkish” and its members as “Turks”. This policy later was changed. The designation of the minority associations as “Turkish” has been forbidden. Consequently, several Turkish Minority associations, which had been active since the early thirties, were banned by court order. To note that two applications on that issue are before the European Court of human Rights.
In article 1 (1), (2) of the UN Declaration on Persons Belonging to Minorities is stated that:
“States shall protect the existence and national or ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic identity of minorities and shall adopt appropriate legislative and other measures to achieve those ends.”
These principals are also supported by article 2 (4) of the same Declaration and Article 19 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Greece continuously denies the existence of the Turkish Minority and other ethnic minorities within the country. Therefore, we would like to recommend once again to Greece to recognize the existence of the Turkish Muslim Minority of Western Thrace.
EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS
According to articles 40 and 41 of the Treaty Peace of Lausanne of 1923, Turkish Minority’s education has an autonomous statue. These articles provide equal rights for the minority to establish, manage and control at their own expenses any school. However local authorities systematically undermines the autonomy of the minority education system through different ways such as selection, training and appointing teachers to these schools.
Article 4 (3) of the UN Declaration on the rights of persons Belonging to Minorities states that:
“States should take appropriate measures so that, wherever possible, person belonging to minorities has adequate opportunities to learn their mother tongue.”
Article 26 (1), and (3) of the UN Declaration of Human Rights also supports the to mother tongue education.
Minority students cannot benefit from the 9-year compulsory education because of some specific reasons. There are no longer well-trained teachers for the instruction in Turkish. By establishing nursery schools teaching only the Greek language in almost every village inhabited by Turks, Greece violates the right of the minority to learn the mother tongue, which is protected by national, international and bilateral instruments.
RELIGIOUS RIGHTS AND CHARITABLE FOUNDATIONS
Members of the Muslim Turkish Minority of Western Thrace cannot benefit from the right to elect their own religious leaders and manage their charitable foundations. The Treaty of Lausanne of 1923 and the Athens Treaty of 1913 gives the right to minority to elect their own religious leaders and manage their charitable foundations.
Greece refuses to recognize the elected religious leaders and the charitable foundations are still under the occupation of the state appointed management.
In article 6 (g) of the UN Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion of Belief states the right to:
“Train, appoint, elect, designate by succession appropriate leaders called for by the requirements and standards of any religion of belief”.
Article 18 of the UN Declaration of Human Rights also guarantees these rights.
It would be important to note that Greece has been sentenced 5 times of abusing article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
I would like to remind to Greek state that in Muslim countries the Muslim religious leaders (muftis) may not be elected, however, the non-Muslim religious leaders are elected.
Finally Mr. Chairman I would like to recommend to the Greek government to stop violating human and minority rights and ratify the Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
In conclusion I would like to invite the WGM to pay a visit to Western Thrace and meet the broadest possible members of the Turkish Minority.
Presentation made by:
Mr. Tzemil Kapza
Chairman of
Western Thrace Minority University
Graduates Association
Egnatias 75
69100, Komotini – GREECE
Tel-Fax: ++30 25310 29705
E-mail: btaytd@otenet.gr |
Reply from the Greek Government:
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PERMANENT MISSION OF GREECE GENEVA
12th SESSION OF THE WORKING GROUP ON MINORITIES
STATEMENT OF THE DELEGATION OF THE OBSERVER GOVERNMENT OF GREECE
Mr. Chairman,
I would like to react to the statement we have just heard by our NGO colleague.
In order to dispel any misunderstandings, I would like to stress that my delegation has never used terms such as “so-called NGO” nor has it expressed itself in a polemical tone when using its right of reply. However, I do believe that the NGO’s statement contains allegations which do not depict an accurate picture of the realities and level of minority protection in my country.
As we have repeatedly stressed on previous occasions, the Muslim minority in Thrace, which numbers around 100.000 persons, consists of three distinct groups whose members are of Turkish, Pomak and Roma origin. Each of these groups has its own distinct spoken language and cultural traditions. They share, however, a common religion, which is the basic reason for the denomination of the minority in its entirety as “Muslim” in the Lausanne Treaty of 1923.
Every member of this minority is free to speak his or her own language, exercise his or her own religion, customs and traditions. There is no denial of the existence of such minority but only of the attempt to identify the entire Muslim minority of Thrace as «Turkish», irrespective of the existence of two other different groups within that minority.
As regards the question of the freedom of association, I would like to stress that according to the recent case-law of the Supreme Court, any restriction on the freedom of association has to be carefully scrutinized by national courts under a strict proportionality standard. As our Supreme Court has recently held, the refusal of the denomination of an association which includes the word “Turkish” is not an unconditional one. It is closely linked to the particular association’s aims, which have been found contrary to public order. The relevant case-law of the Greek courts is fully in line with European and international standards on permissible restrictions to freedom of association.
The education of the Muslim children in Thrace is a matter of high priority for the Greek government. Minority education of the members of the Muslim minority in Thrace aims at ensuring the physical, intellectual and moral development of students according to the principles of our system of public education. This policy forms part of the general national policy for the social and economic integration of the Muslim Greeks into the contemporary Greek reality. The education of the Muslim Greeks is of fundamental importance, as it implements the principles of “equality of the law” and “equality before the law”, while combating educational exclusion, which is considered the worst form of social exclusion. In the past years, Greece has allocated a great amount of money from the State budget in order to improve and promote the educational rights of the Muslim students. As regards primary education, there are more than 200 minority schools operating in Thrace, where the Muslim pupils are not only taught their minority language, but courses are also held in the minority language. In these schools, more than 400 Muslim teachers are being employed. In addition, four minority high schools (two junior and two senior ones) housed in buildings provided by the State operate in Thrace, where courses are held both in Greek and Turkish. There are also two Koranic schools for religious studies.
The implementation of special educational programs has improved the quality of minority education. The relevant measures adopted by the Greek Government go even further than the current international standards in this field. For instance, a special quota of 0,5% for the admission of minority students to higher education institutions is also provided for. Let me also clarify, Mr. Chairman, that the establishment of nursery schools in minority villages was made upon request of the residents of these villages, who wish their children to acquire a solid foundation in Greek language and education. I would also like to add that under a new scheme, the teaching of Turkish as a second language will be introduced on an optional basis in a number of junior high schools in Thrace.
Greece fully respects and safeguards the religious freedom of the members of the Muslim minority in Thrace. The religious leaders of this minority, the Muftis, are appointed according to a transparent procedure, in which prominent members of the minority have their say. The reason that they are not being elected is mainly because they exercise judicial functions in matters of personal and inheritance law. In this respect, it is interesting to note that in almost all European countries judicial officials are not elected by the people. I would like to stress that the European Court of Human Rights has not contested this system of appointment, which does not contradict the Lausanne Treaty, but only the fact that the applicants’ conviction on charges of pretence of authority was not sufficiently justified in view of the particular circumstances of the case. In this connection, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe has adopted resolution 88/2005, in which it found that Greece had complied with the relevant Court’s judgments.
Mr. Chairman,
The rights of the members of the Muslim minority in Thrace are fully guaranteed and effectively protected in a democratic society, where the rule of law prevails. The Greek legislation includes special measures in favour of the Muslim minority and is in line with the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as the values of the European Union.
For all these reasons, I believe that the allegations made by the NGO are unfounded both in law and in practice and give a false impression about the policy pursued by Greek authorities in the field of human and minority rights.
Thank you, Mr. Chairman.
Geneva, 9 August 2006 |
Facts:
The designation of the minority associations as “Turkish” has been forbidden by the state that instead uses the term "Muslim minority"
In Thrace today there are 3 muftis, approximately 270 imams and approximately 300 mosques.
There are 235 minority primary schools, where education is in the Greek and Turkish languages.
2 minority secondary schools, one in Xanthi and one in Komotini, where most of the minority is concentrated.
Religious studies are taught in Turkish and the Koran is taught in Arabic.
The government finances the transportation to and from the schools for students who live in remote areas, and in the academic year 1997-98, approximately 250,000 Euros was spent on transportation.
There are two Islamic theological seminaries, one in Komotini, and one in Echinos.
0.5% of places in Greek higher education institutions are reserved for members of the minority. All the aforementioned institutions are funded by the state.
The minority is always represented in the Greek parliament, and is currently represented by ND member Ahmet S. Ilhan. During the latest local elections (2002),
Approximately 250 Muslim municipal and prefectural councillors and mayors were elected, and the Vice-Prefect of Rhodope is also a Muslim.
There is main minority rights activist organization of the Turkish community within the minority is the "Turkish Minority Movement for Human and Minority Rights".
From the above I can conclude that:
The minority enjoys high level of equality with the Greek majority, and prohibition against discrimination and freedom of religion are provided. However I beleive there is room for improvement. I believe Greek Turkish should have the right to call the selves GT and not GMuslims. It seems that the Greek Government is trying to improve the status of the Greeke Turkish minority and other minorities and significant improvements occured in the past years. |
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Birkibrisli
Deputy
Joined: 29 Aug 2005
Posts: 1404
Location: Australia
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| You are right,Stavro...There is room for improvement,and I hope improvements will take place.Everyone should have the right to decide their own identity.And that goes for the Kurds,Assyrians,Georgians,Greeks and other minorities in Turkey as well. |
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alexISS
Villager
Joined: 11 Jul 2006
Posts: 51
Location: Athens, Greece
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| The problem is that the Turkish minority treats the Roma and Pomak minorities as "minorities within a minority". Several members of the Turkish minority (known as the "rich ones" inside the minorities' circles), actively supported by the Turkish state, are using whatever means necessary to force "Turkishness" to the non-Turkish minorities, in order to increase their own numbers. This is one of the reasons the Greek government does not allow the forming of organizations bearing the word "Turkish" in their name. However, there is absoluterly no restriction in each minority member's right to self determination. If one wants to declare himself Turkish, noone will stop him, contrary to what people are led to believe in Turkey by the Turkish media. |
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Birkibrisli
Deputy
Joined: 29 Aug 2005
Posts: 1404
Location: Australia
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| alexISS wrote: |
| The problem is that the Turkish minority treats the Roma and Pomak minorities as "minorities within a minority". Several members of the Turkish minority (known as the "rich ones" inside the minorities' circles), actively supported by the Turkish state, are using whatever means necessary to force "Turkishness" to the non-Turkish minorities, in order to increase their own numbers. This is one of the reasons the Greek government does not allow the forming of organizations bearing the word "Turkish" in their name. However, there is absoluterly no restriction in each minority member's right to self determination. If one wants to declare himself Turkish, noone will stop him, contrary to what people are led to believe in Turkey by the Turkish media. |
Thanks for that info,alexISS...
Now the Romans are the gypsies,I believe.
What is the origin of the Pomaks?
Can you tell me more about how the rich Turkish Greeks are forcing their "Turkishness" on the others?
And also,you said that was one of the reasons the Greek government won't allow "Turkish" in an organisation's name.What are the other reasons? |
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alexISS
Villager
Joined: 11 Jul 2006
Posts: 51
Location: Athens, Greece
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| Birkibrisli wrote: |
Thanks for that info,alexISS...
Now the Romans are the gypsies,I believe.
What is the origin of the Pomaks?
Can you tell me more about how the rich Turkish Greeks are forcing their "Turkishness" on the others?
And also,you said that was one of the reasons the Greek government won't allow "Turkish" in an organisation's name.What are the other reasons? |
The Roma (not Romans) are Muslim Gypsies yes. The Pomaks are Muslims that speak a slavic language, their origin is undefined, they are probably a Bulgaro-Turkish "mix", yet clearly distinct. The most common method used to "Turkify" the Roma and the Pomaks is money offer, I had this confirmed by a Pomak that was a friend of a friend of mine.
As for other reasons the word "Turkish" is not allowed in organizations' names, the obvious one is the treaty of Lauzanne which characterizes the muslim minority as a religious and not an ethnic minority. And of course there is the great interest of the Turkish state in the matter, having a Turkish minority in the region would give her some leverage. Let's also not forget that lifting the restriction could be a good bargaining chip for Greece.
This restriction is not enough to claim "violation of human rights" anyway, as I said before people as individuals are free to declare their ethnicity in any way they want, but that won't do Turkey much good, she needs "Turkish organizations" to push her interests there, and that's all |
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zan
Warnings : 2
Mukhtar/is
Joined: 31 Dec 2005
Posts: 962
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| alexISS wrote: |
| Birkibrisli wrote: |
Thanks for that info,alexISS...
Now the Romans are the gypsies,I believe.
What is the origin of the Pomaks?
Can you tell me more about how the rich Turkish Greeks are forcing their "Turkishness" on the others?
And also,you said that was one of the reasons the Greek government won't allow "Turkish" in an organisation's name.What are the other reasons? |
The Roma (not Romans) are Muslim Gypsies yes. The Pomaks are Muslims that speak a slavic language, their origin is undefined, they are probably a Bulgaro-Turkish "mix", yet clearly distinct. The most common method used to "Turkify" the Roma and the Pomaks is money offer, I had this confirmed by a Pomak that was a friend of a friend of mine.
As for other reasons the word "Turkish" is not allowed in organizations' names, the obvious one is the treaty of Lauzanne which characterizes the muslim minority as a religious and not an ethnic minority. And of course there is the great interest of the Turkish state in the matter, having a Turkish minority in the region would give her some leverage. Let's also not forget that lifting the restriction could be a good bargaining chip for Greece.
This restriction is not enough to claim "violation of human rights" anyway, as I said before people as individuals are free to declare their ethnicity in any way they want, but that won't do Turkey much good, she needs "Turkish organizations" to push her interests there, and that's all |
Are you saying that that is a good enough reason not to allow the use of the word Turkish in these organisation then?????
OR is it just to stop Turkey from getting a foothold????
IF so then why are these not good reasons for Turkey to do the same from many more organisations, as a problem, than the Greeks have??????
Could they be just trying to keep their country together rather than committing human rights problems????????
Could it be that Greece and other countries are just trying to get a foothold in Turkey??????????? |
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De_La_Soul
Warnings : 3
Deputy
Joined: 01 Dec 2005
Posts: 1131
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| no dumb-dumb...the reason for calling the muslim minority was given. They cant call them Turkish because they are not all Turkish in ethnicity. |
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zan
Warnings : 2
Mukhtar/is
Joined: 31 Dec 2005
Posts: 962
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| De_La_Soul wrote: |
| no dumb-dumb...the reason for calling the muslim minority was given. They cant call them Turkish because they are not all Turkish in ethnicity. |
Your attention span is getting worse De-A-Soul the law says ANY organisation whether they are Turkish or not. Try to keep up, dumb dumber. |
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alexISS
Villager
Joined: 11 Jul 2006
Posts: 51
Location: Athens, Greece
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| zan wrote: |
Are you saying that that is a good enough reason not to allow the use of the word Turkish in these organisation then?????
OR is it just to stop Turkey from getting a foothold???? |
I said that the sum of those reasons are good enough.
| zan wrote: |
| IF so then why are these not good reasons for Turkey to do the same from many more organisations, as a problem, than the Greeks have?????? |
Are you serious? That would be the LEAST of the minorities' problem. Do I need to remind you what the now extinct Greek minority faced in Turkey? The muslims in Thrace NEVER had their property robbed by the state, their shops burned to the ground by angry mobs or their families deported. Those were the reasons the Greek minority in Turkey now consists of some hundreds of old people, while the muslim minority in Thrace constantly increases in numbers. Who is disrespectful of minorities and their human rights then?
| zan wrote: |
| Could they be just trying to keep their country together rather than committing human rights problems???????? |
Uhm, tell that to the 20 million of Kurds that are not able to speak or be taught their language. How does that compare to the organization naming restriction?
| zan wrote: |
| Could it be that Greece and other countries are just trying to get a foothold in Turkey??????????? |
NO, but that's what the turkish army and government thinks, unfortunately |
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cypezokyli
Ministerial
Joined: 20 Dec 2005
Posts: 2344
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i am too tired to write a long post right now but as i have said before : if one concentrates on greece only it is completely unacceptable how it treated and to a lesser extend treats the minorities. but, unfortunately one has to view the minority situation in the greco-turkish relation to grasp really how the system works
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| The muslims in Thrace NEVER had their property robbed by the state, their shops burned to the ground by angry mobs . |
this is also not an absolute truth. there are evidence on the contrary actually. |
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stavrizatz
Mukhtar/is
Joined: 20 Feb 2006
Posts: 910
Location: Australia / Lefkosia
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I forgot to say that the reason for posting this topic was because in my very first thread when I said that according to a friend's personal experience that Turkish and Greek lived together in harmony in Thrace, people bombarded me with responses saying "you better read about the subject", "Turkish in Thrace are very discriminated" bla bla bla.
So I did my mini google reseach and what I found supported my initial post but open a little my mind and realised that there some issues that could be addressed and improve.
I hope this thread will allow discussion to make clear some issues on the Muslim/Turkish minority of Thrace. |
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stavrizatz
Mukhtar/is
Joined: 20 Feb 2006
Posts: 910
Location: Australia / Lefkosia
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AlexISS wrote:
| Quote: |
| The problem is that the Turkish minority treats the Roma and Pomak minorities as "minorities within a minority". Several members of the Turkish minority (known as the "rich ones" inside the minorities' circles), actively supported by the Turkish state, are using whatever means necessary to force "Turkishness" to the non-Turkish minorities, in order to increase their own numbers. This is one of the reasons the Greek government does not allow the forming of organizations bearing the word "Turkish" in their name. However, there is absoluterly no restriction in each minority member's right to self determination. If one wants to declare himself Turkish, noone will stop him, contrary to what people are led to believe in Turkey by the Turkish media. |
Actually couldn't understand why Greece wouldn't allow Turkish to call their association Turkish but now it makes sense. However I still believe that any minority should have the right to call themeselves whatever they want. It is something similar to freedom of speech, i suppose. On the other hand Turkish view this as "denial of ethnic identity" - to me it doesn't make sense since Greece is making an effort to encourage them maintain their identity through language, religion. Denial of ethnic identity is denying everything all together not just the label.
AlexISS wrote:
| Quote: |
| Uhm, tell that to the 20 million of Kurds that are not able to speak or be taught their language |
I believe it is better not to compare the human rights in Greece and Turkey. If Turkey treats its minotrities 'bad', there is not excuse for Greece to do the same.
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| The muslims in Thrace NEVER had their property robbed by the state, their shops burned to the ground by angry mobs . |
this is also not an absolute truth. there are evidence on the contrary actually. |
By the state!!! It sounds unrealistic but...never know. |
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bg_turk
Deputy
Joined: 08 Oct 2005
Posts: 1316
Location: Bulgaria
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The Turks of Western Thrace are the only people in Europe whose ethnic identity is denied. The identity of this Turkish minority is denied by their own government and a living example of this denial is the banning of any civic organisations which identifies itself as Turkish. The Western Thrace Turkish Teachers Union (founded in 1936), Komotini Turkish Youth Association (founded in 1928) and Turkish Union of Xanthi (founded in 1927) have been all victims of this campaign of persecution, and their "crime" has been that their members were ethnic Turks and they had "Turk" in their names.
For decades, these Associations have operated as legitimate civic society organisations promoting cultural, educational, religious and sportive activities for the Turks in Western Thrace until 1983 when their right to exist has been challenged.
In 1984, the local Prefectures in Komotini and Xanthi applied to domestic courts demanding the banning of these Associations under the pretext that their names contained the adjective “Turkish”. Subsequently National Courts ordered the dissolution of the “Western Thrace Turkish Teachers Union”, “Komotini Turkish Youth Union” and the “Turkish Union of Xanthi” on the grounds that their members declared that they were of “Turkish origin” and the titles of the Associations contained the word “Turkish”.
In doing so, the courts disregarded the facts that the titles of the Associations merely symbolized the citizens of “Turkish descent” living in Western Thrace, that they have been established in accordance with national laws, they have been recognized by the courts and authorities and they were functioning without problems and restrictions for a long time as legitimate peaceful Associations.
Later appeals against these decisions had little success in overturning them. In November 1987, the National High Court affirmed 1986 decisions by the Court of Appeals of Thrace to ban the “Western Thrace Turkish Teachers Union” and “Komotini Turkish Youth Union” under the pretext that “the use of the word ‘Turkish’ to signify ‘Greek Muslims’ undermined public order.”
The Turkish minority strongly protested against the decision and defended its Turkishness by stagin mass protests on 29 January 1988. People from all over Wester Thrace converged towards Komotini only to be brutally suppressed by security forcees. An unprecedented outburst of racial hatred folloed, and organized mobs stromed the Turkish quaters of Komotini, damaging and looting more than 400 Turkish shops and business. Community leaders and religious clergymen were specifically targeted, and several members were badly beaten up and publically humiliated.
As recently as May 2001 application by the “Rodopi Turkish Women’s Cultural Association” has been declined by the local court.
As of February 2004, the word “Turkish” is still “sacrosanct”, and Turkish minority’s freedom of association remains an unresolved issue in an EU member which claims to have endorsed higher human and minority rights than its neighbouring non-eu states.
At a time when the EU is so successful at exporting freedom and stability in its neigbourhood, and is a strong advocate of more cultural rights and freedoms for oppressed minorities in prospective members I am deeply disturbed and outraged at the tolerance that EU institutions display towards ongoing violations within an existing EU member. What is at stake's is EU's credibility, and I believe it is high time that action be taken to rectify the situation and to revoke the "carte blanche" from this particular member state to abuse its Turkish minority.
As a person whose own ethnic identity has been denied in the past, I feel very strongly for Turks in Western Thrace.
An entire people's identity has been denied at the heart of Europe for decades, but the European Union remains silent, oblivious and indifferent ...
Sources:
http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/greece/
http://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/greece/Greec991.htm
http://www.worldlii.org/eu/cases/ECHR/1996/49.html
http://www.mihenk.gr/english/freedom.htmp |
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bg_turk
Deputy
Joined: 08 Oct 2005
Posts: 1316
Location: Bulgaria
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bg_turk
Deputy
Joined: 08 Oct 2005
Posts: 1316
Location: Bulgaria
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| alexISS wrote: |
| The muslims in Thrace NEVER had their property robbed by the state, their shops burned to the ground by angry mobs or their families deported. |
This of course ... is totally false.
Let me take you back to January 27th 1990. We are in ane EU member states, in the northern city of Komotini (Gumulcine in Turkish).
You see mobs of Greeks run through the streets, beating ethnic Turks and smashing windows of Turkish shops and offices. Twenty-one people are injured and over 400 businesses belonging to Turkish Greeks are damaged. A mob of between 40 and 50 Greeks runs wild, smashing windows, hitting people and vandalizing cars; a police car drives slowly behind the mob making no effort to stop the rampage. Police does not make the least attempt to halt the destruction. The damage done is estimated to be at least half a million, the Greek state has not made the slightest attempt to compensate the people.
Am I imaginining?
Source:
http://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/g/greece/greece908.pdf |
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